9.1 CAN EVOLUTION BE FALSIFIED

1. The second law of thermodynamics is based on the observable fact that everything made of atoms tends towards its most probable state. It is the basis of the relentless decay we see all around us. What it actually says is that in any large group of atoms (system) isolated from interference from outside, the quantitative measure of that decay called entropy will increase.
2. Boltzman and Gibbs discovered an expression for entropy which reveals probability is the real driving force behind the second law.. [ s = k Log W where W is called the thermodynamic probability, it is the number of microstates in any given macrostate and k is the Boltzman constant ]. There is another equation for 's' based on temperature and heat flow but it is a special case and where calculable the two are equivalent. There is only one entropy.
3. The second law does not say that entropy cannot decrease, it happens in many cases like the growth of living things, cooling inside a refrigerator or the chance deal of a royal flush. However all such decreases have to be paid for by a bigger increase in the surroundings. The last one is most significant in this context because it is an increase in logical improbability. In fact as an ordered set it is a macrostate with only one microstate and the least likely of any arrangement of 7 playing cards.
4. We know the minimum (entropy) price to get a specific 7 card royal flush from a well shuffled deck is the work of shuffling and dealing 52C7 (133 million) hands. This is the long term average number of deals to get this result. Note it is irrelevant that you might just get that royal flush on the very first deal it is the act of doing it repeatedly that gives the required entropy cost. The second law has nothing to say about single events nor do they matter.
5. We do not need to know the actual measure of the entropy drop of the 7 card royal flush itself. However shuffling and dealing 133 million hands will generate quite a lot of heat and is the measure of the entropy cost required by that system to get that outcome. The fact that the smoky saloon is not a strictly isolated system, notwithstanding untoward card tricks, is isolated enough from card changing type events.

Richard Feynman said “If you cannot explain your theory to a person waiting at a bus stop.. you don't understand your theory.” I am trying.. see next page.

Have a very nice day..